Upper Intake Level (UL)

The highest daily nutrient intake level that is unlikely to pose a risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population. Exceeding the UL increases the risk of adverse effects. ULs are established by NIH (USA), EFSA (EU), and other bodies. Not all nutrients have established ULs — for some (e.g. biotin), insufficient evidence of adverse effects at high intakes means no UL has been set. Distinct from ADI, which applies to food additives rather than essential nutrients. Relevant YNP products with UL considerations: Niacin (nicotinic acid, UL 35 mg/day NIH / 10 mg/day EFSA), Choline Bitartrate (UL 3,500 mg/day NIH), Ascorbic Acid (UL 2,000 mg/day NIH / 1,000 mg/day EFSA).